Hi, there, guys1. Welcome back.
We're going to do a lesson today on using indirect speech2. What does that mean3? Well, this is where we are relating4 something
that someone said. I'm going to talk you through5
the differences between indirect speech -- or reported speech6 -- and direct speech, using
these little things called "quotation
marks" or "speech marks". I'm going to give you some useful vocab8 for
using reported speech, and showing you the difference between "tell"
and "say". I hope9
it's useful.
So my friend Billy, he's not feeling very well today. So he says, "I'm feeling sick10." Now, if I'm using direct speech, that's where I use my quotation marks, my speech marks. I would write it like this11: Billy said -- with a little comma12 -- "I'm feeling sick." -- end of quotation marks. But if I'm using reported speech, this is I don't use his exact words, and I don't use these quotation marks. So I could say13 in reported speech: Billy said that he was feeling sick. I have used the same words14 here. But look. I'm using "said that" and no quotation marks.
Now, what are the differences between15 reported speech and direct speech? Well, direct speech uses the present. Look here. "I'm feeling sick." "I am" is obviously16 in the present. Whereas17 reported speech is going to use past. He said he was feeling sick.
So these are how we put some verbs into the past -- irregular verbs. Here, look. "I am" goes to "he was". "Am" goes to "was". "Are" would go to "were". So if Billy said, "You are a jerk19", in reported speech, it would be, "Billy said that you were a jerk." "Do" and "does" would go to "did". So if Billy is saying, "I do play snooker", it would be in reported speech, "Billy said that he did play snooker on Tuesday last week." Okay? "Have" and "has" would go to "had". "Will" is going to go to "would". "Can" is going to go to "could". Okay? Difficult spellings19.
So my friend Billy, he's not feeling very well today. So he says, "I'm feeling sick10." Now, if I'm using direct speech, that's where I use my quotation marks, my speech marks. I would write it like this11: Billy said -- with a little comma12 -- "I'm feeling sick." -- end of quotation marks. But if I'm using reported speech, this is I don't use his exact words, and I don't use these quotation marks. So I could say13 in reported speech: Billy said that he was feeling sick. I have used the same words14 here. But look. I'm using "said that" and no quotation marks.
Now, what are the differences between15 reported speech and direct speech? Well, direct speech uses the present. Look here. "I'm feeling sick." "I am" is obviously16 in the present. Whereas17 reported speech is going to use past. He said he was feeling sick.
So these are how we put some verbs into the past -- irregular verbs. Here, look. "I am" goes to "he was". "Am" goes to "was". "Are" would go to "were". So if Billy said, "You are a jerk19", in reported speech, it would be, "Billy said that you were a jerk." "Do" and "does" would go to "did". So if Billy is saying, "I do play snooker", it would be in reported speech, "Billy said that he did play snooker on Tuesday last week." Okay? "Have" and "has" would go to "had". "Will" is going to go to "would". "Can" is going to go to "could". Okay? Difficult spellings19.
Doesn't sound how it's spelled20.
And then, with your regular verbs, it's going to go to + ed. So Billy might say21, "I
want to party22
tonight." If I'm going to do reported speech, it would be, "Billy
said that he wanted to party tonight." Okay? I hope you're with me so far23. I hope
you're understanding. Good, good, good.
Now, "tell" is a little bit different24 to "say". So when I use the verb "tell", I know whom the person is talking to25. For example, "Billy told me that you were a jerk." So "talking to me", so I use "tell". I know who the person is talking to. But when I use "say", we don't know who the person is talking to. So "Billy said that you were kissing26 at school." Okay? "Said" -- it doesn't say "me". It doesn't say "said me". It just says "said". Okay? So we don't know who the person is talking to. Obviously, he's probably27 talking to me, but it doesn't say that here, so I need to use "said". Okay?
Now, some interesting28 verbs to make your writing a bit more29 fluent, a bit more interesting to read. I could use "inform". Okay? This is just going to take -- so if I'm using reported speech, remember I'm going to put30 it into the past. So here, it's a regular verb, so I'll add -ed. "Billy informed me that he was going to be late for my lesson." We've already done31 "said". "Billy said that he was feeling sick." "Billy answered32 with the correct answer." Okay?
Now, "tell" is a little bit different24 to "say". So when I use the verb "tell", I know whom the person is talking to25. For example, "Billy told me that you were a jerk." So "talking to me", so I use "tell". I know who the person is talking to. But when I use "say", we don't know who the person is talking to. So "Billy said that you were kissing26 at school." Okay? "Said" -- it doesn't say "me". It doesn't say "said me". It just says "said". Okay? So we don't know who the person is talking to. Obviously, he's probably27 talking to me, but it doesn't say that here, so I need to use "said". Okay?
Now, some interesting28 verbs to make your writing a bit more29 fluent, a bit more interesting to read. I could use "inform". Okay? This is just going to take -- so if I'm using reported speech, remember I'm going to put30 it into the past. So here, it's a regular verb, so I'll add -ed. "Billy informed me that he was going to be late for my lesson." We've already done31 "said". "Billy said that he was feeling sick." "Billy answered32 with the correct answer." Okay?
So this is regular. I'm going to add in my -ed.
"Billy reported to me that Sandra was behaving
badly33." You're a naughty
girl34, Sandra. Billy has reported you. Now, this one's
going to go irregular, "reply35".
"Billy replied that the lunch
was disgusting36." Okay. How do we form this? Well, we take off37 the Y and
put -ed, -ied. "Billy replied that the lunch was disgusting." Now,
"respond38".
This is regular. "Billy responded that he was happy to be alive39" -- -ed,
okay? I'm playing around40
here. So "suggest" is going to be -ed and "persuade41", -ed.
What do these mean?
"Inform" means "give information". You know what
"said" is. "Answer", question, answer. "Report42", like,
report, give some information again. "Reply" is question, answer.
"Respond" is just answer. "Suggest43"
is like -- it's like a whisper44.
"I suggested to the bus driver45
that he put his foot on the accelerator." "Suggest" -- it's an
idea, a suggestion. And "persuade" is when you're persuading,
"Come on, everybody. Make sure46
you do the quiz after this. You know where to find it, www.engvid.com."
That is the end of today's lesson.
Vocabulary
1.
guys = pessoal
2.
speech = discurso
3.
mean = significar
4.
relating = relacionando
5.
through = através
6.
reported speech = discurso indireto
7.
quotation marks = aspas
8.
useful vocab = vocabulario util
9.
hope = espero (esperança)
10. sick = doente
11. like this = desta forma
12. comma = vírgula
13. I could say = eu poderia dizer
14. the same words = as
mesmas palavras
15. between = entre
16. obviously = obviamente
17. Whereas = enquanto que
18. Jerk = idiota
19. Spellings = grafias
20. Spelled = soletrado
21. might say = poderia
dizer
22. party = festa
23. so far = até agora
24. a little bit different
= um pouquinho diferente
25. whom the person is
talking to = com quem a pessoa está conversando
26. kissing = beijando
27. probably = provavelmente
28. interesting =
interessante
29. a bit more = um pouco mais
30. put = colocar
31. We've already done = já
fizemos
32. Answered = respondeu
33. behaving badly =
comportando-se mal
34. naughty girl = garota
safada
35. reply = responder
36. the lunch was
disgusting = almoço estava nojento
37. take off = tirar
38. respond = responder
39. alive = vivo
40. playing around =
brincando
41. persuade = persuader
42. Report = relatar
43. Suggest = sugerir
44. Whisper = sussurro
45. Driver = motorist
46. Make sure = certifiquem-se de que